FAQ

Si. Ofrecemos aos clientes solucións OEM/ODM. A cantidade mínima de pedido do OEM é de 10,000 pezas.

Embalamos segundo a normativa das Nacións Unidas e tamén podemos proporcionar embalaxes especiais segundo os requisitos do cliente.

Temos ISO9001, CB, CE, UL, BIS, UN38.3, KC, PSE.

Ofrecemos baterías cunha potencia non superior a 10 WH como mostras gratuítas.

120,000-150,000 pezas por día, cada produto ten unha capacidade de produción diferente, pode discutir información detallada segundo o correo electrónico.

Uns 35 días. A hora concreta pódese coordinar por correo electrónico.

Dúas semanas (14 días).

Xeralmente aceptamos o pago anticipado do 30% como depósito e o 70% antes da entrega como pago final. Pódense negociar outros métodos.

Ofrecemos: FOB e CIF.

Aceptamos pagos vía TT.

Transportamos mercadorías ao norte de Europa, Europa occidental, América do Norte, Oriente Medio, Asia, África e outros lugares.

Batteries are a kind of energy conversion and storage devices that convert chemical or physical energy into electrical energy through reactions. According to the different energy conversion of the battery, the battery can be divided into a chemical battery and a biological battery. A chemical battery or chemical power source is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. It comprises two electrochemically active electrodes with different components, respectively, composed of positive and negative electrodes. A chemical substance that can provide media conduction is used as an electrolyte. When connected to an external carrier, it delivers electrical energy by converting its internal chemical energy. A physical battery is a device that converts physical energy into electrical energy.

A principal diferenza é que o material activo é diferente. O material activo da batería secundaria é reversible, mentres que o material activo da batería primaria non. A autodescarga da batería primaria é moito menor que a da batería secundaria. Aínda así, a resistencia interna é moito maior que a da batería secundaria, polo que a capacidade de carga é menor. Ademais, a capacidade específica de masa e volume específico da batería primaria son máis importantes que as das baterías recargables dispoñibles.

Ni-MH batteries use Ni oxide as the positive electrode, hydrogen storage metal as the negative electrode, and lye (mainly KOH) as the electrolyte. When the nickel-hydrogen battery is charged: Positive electrode reaction: Ni(OH)2 + OH- → NiOOH + H2O–e- Adverse electrode reaction: M+H2O +e-→ MH+ OH- When the Ni-MH battery is discharged: Positive electrode reaction: NiOOH + H2O + e- → Ni(OH)2 + OH- Negative electrode reaction: MH+ OH- →M+H2O +e-

The main component of the positive electrode of the lithium-ion battery is LiCoO2, and the negative electrode is mainly C. When charging, Positive electrode reaction: LiCoO2 → Li1-xCoO2 + xLi+ + xe- Negative reaction: C + xLi+ + xe- → CLix Total battery reaction: LiCoO2 + C → Li1-xCoO2 + CLix The reverse reaction of the above reaction occurs during discharge.

Commonly used IEC standards for batteries: The standard for nickel-metal hydride batteries is IEC61951-2: 2003; the lithium-ion battery industry generally follows UL or national standards. Commonly used national standards for batteries: The standards for nickel-metal hydride batteries are GB/T15100_1994, GB/T18288_2000; the standards for lithium batteries are GB/T10077_1998, YD/T998_1999, and GB/T18287_2000. In addition, the commonly used standards for batteries also include the Japanese Industrial Standard JIS C on batteries. IEC, the International Electrical Commission (International Electrical Commission), is a worldwide standardization organization composed of electrical committees of various countries. Its purpose is to promote the standardization of the world's electrical and electronic fields. IEC standards are standards formulated by the International Electrotechnical Commission.

Os principais compoñentes das baterías de níquel e hidruro metálico son a folla de electrodo positivo (óxido de níquel), a folla de electrodo negativo (aliaxe de almacenamento de hidróxeno), electrólito (principalmente KOH), papel de diafragma, anel de selado, tapa de electrodo positivo, caixa de batería, etc.

Os principais compoñentes das baterías de ión-litio son tapas de batería superior e inferior, folla de electrodo positivo (o material activo é óxido de litio cobalto), separador (unha membrana composta especial), un electrodo negativo (o material activo é carbono), electrólito orgánico, caixa da batería. (dividido en dous tipos de carcasa de aceiro e carcasa de aluminio) e así por diante.

Refírese á resistencia experimentada pola corrente que circula pola batería cando a batería está funcionando. Está composto por resistencia interna óhmica e polarización pola resistencia interna. A importante resistencia interna da batería reducirá a tensión de traballo de descarga da batería e acurtará o tempo de descarga. A resistencia interna vese afectada principalmente polo material da batería, o proceso de fabricación, a estrutura da batería e outros factores. É un parámetro importante para medir o rendemento da batería. Nota: Xeralmente, a resistencia interna no estado cargado é o estándar. Para calcular a resistencia interna da batería, debe usar un medidor de resistencia interna especial en lugar dun multímetro no rango de ohmios.

A tensión nominal da batería refírese á tensión mostrada durante o funcionamento normal. A tensión nominal da batería secundaria de níquel-cadmio níquel-hidróxeno é de 1.2 V; a tensión nominal da batería de litio secundaria é de 3.6 V.

A tensión do circuíto aberto refírese á diferenza de potencial entre os electrodos positivos e negativos da batería cando a batería non funciona, é dicir, cando non hai corrente que circula polo circuíto. A tensión de traballo, tamén coñecida como tensión terminal, refírese á diferenza de potencial entre os polos positivo e negativo da batería cando a batería está funcionando, é dicir, cando hai sobreintensidade no circuíto.

A capacidade da batería divídese en potencia nominal e capacidade real. A capacidade nominal da batería refírese á estipulación ou garantías de que a batería debe descargar a cantidade mínima de electricidade en determinadas condicións de descarga durante o deseño e fabricación da tormenta. A norma IEC estipula que as baterías de níquel-cadmio e níquel-hidruro metálico se cargan a 0.1 °C durante 16 horas e se descargan entre 0.2 °C e 1.0 V a unha temperatura de 20 °C ± 5 °C. A capacidade nominal da batería exprésase como C5. As baterías de ión-litio están estipuladas para cargarse durante 3 horas a temperatura media, a corrente constante (1C)-voltaxe constante (4.2V) controla condicións esixentes e, a continuación, se descargan entre 0.2C e 2.75V cando a electricidade descargada ten capacidade nominal. A capacidade real da batería refírese á potencia real liberada pola tormenta en determinadas condicións de descarga, que se ve afectada principalmente pola taxa de descarga e a temperatura (en sentido estrito, a capacidade da batería debe especificar as condicións de carga e descarga). A unidade de capacidade da batería é Ah, mAh (1Ah=1000mAh).

Cando a batería recargable se descarga cunha corrente grande (como 1C ou superior), debido ao "efecto pescozo" existente na taxa de difusión interna da sobrecorrente actual, a batería alcanzou a tensión terminal cando a capacidade non está totalmente descargada. , e despois usa unha pequena corrente como 0.2C pode seguir eliminando, ata que 1.0 V / peza (batería de níquel-cadmio e níquel-hidróxeno) e 3.0 V / peza (batería de litio), a capacidade liberada chámase capacidade residual.

A plataforma de descarga das baterías recargables Ni-MH refírese normalmente ao rango de tensión no que a tensión de traballo da batería é relativamente estable cando se descarga baixo un sistema de descarga específico. O seu valor está relacionado coa corrente de descarga. Canto maior sexa a corrente, menor será o peso. A plataforma de descarga das baterías de ión-litio xeralmente debe deixar de cargarse cando a tensión é de 4.2 V, e o presente é inferior a 0.01 C a unha tensión constante, despois déixaa durante 10 minutos e descarga a 3.6 V a calquera ritmo de descarga. actual. É un estándar necesario para medir a calidade das baterías.

Segundo o estándar IEC, a marca da batería Ni-MH consta de 5 partes. 01) Battery type: HF and HR indicate nickel-metal hydride batteries 02) Battery size information: including the diameter and height of the round battery, the height, width, and thickness of the square battery, and the values ​​are separated by a slash, unit: mm 03) Discharge characteristic symbol: L means that the suitable discharge current rate is within 0.5C M indicates that the suitable discharge current rate is within 0.5-3.5C H indicates that the suitable discharge current rate is within 3.5-7.0C X indicates that the battery can work at a high rate discharge current of 7C-15C. 04) High-temperature battery symbol: represented by T 05) Battery connection piece: CF represents no connection piece, HH represents the connection piece for battery pull-type series connection, and HB represents the connection piece for side-by-side series connection of battery belts. Por exemplo, HF18/07/49 representa unha batería cadrada de níquel-hidruro metálico cunha anchura de 18 mm, 7 mm e unha altura de 49 mm. KRMT33/62HH representa a batería de níquel-cadmio; a taxa de descarga está entre 0.5C-3.5, batería única serie de alta temperatura (sen peza de conexión), diámetro 33 mm, altura 62 mm. According to the IEC61960 standard, the identification of the secondary lithium battery is as follows: 01) The battery logo composition: 3 letters, followed by five numbers (cylindrical) or 6 (square) numbers. 02) A primeira letra: indica o material nocivo do electrodo da batería. I: representa iones de litio con batería incorporada; L: representa un electrodo de metal de litio ou un electrodo de aliaxe de litio. 03) A segunda letra: indica o material do cátodo da batería. C: electrodo a base de cobalto; N: electrodo a base de níquel; M: electrodo a base de manganeso; V: electrodo a base de vanadio. 04) A terceira letra: indica a forma da batería. R-representa batería cilíndrica; L-representa batería cadrada. 05) Números: Batería cilíndrica: 5 números indican respectivamente o diámetro e a altura da tormenta. A unidade de diámetro é un milímetro e o tamaño é unha décima de milímetro. Cando calquera diámetro ou altura sexa maior ou igual a 100 mm, debe engadir unha liña diagonal entre os dous tamaños. Batería cadrada: 6 números indican o grosor, o ancho e a altura da tormenta en milímetros. Cando algunha das tres dimensións sexa maior ou igual a 100 mm, debería engadir unha barra entre as dimensións; se algunha das tres dimensións é inferior a 1 mm, engádese a letra "t" diante desta dimensión e a unidade desta dimensión é a décima parte dun milímetro. Por exemplo, ICR18650 representa unha batería de ión-litio secundaria cilíndrica; o material do cátodo é cobalto, o seu diámetro é duns 18 mm e a súa altura é duns 65 mm. ICR20/1050. ICP083448 representa unha batería de iones de litio secundaria cadrada; o material do cátodo é cobalto, o seu grosor é duns 8 mm, o ancho é de aproximadamente 34 mm e a altura é duns 48 mm. ICP08/34/150 representa unha batería de iones de litio secundaria cadrada; o material do cátodo é cobalto, o seu grosor é duns 8 mm, o ancho é duns 34 mm e a altura é duns 150 mm.

01) Non-dry meson (paper) such as fiber paper, double-sided tape 02) PVC film, trademark tube 03) Connecting sheet: stainless steel sheet, pure nickel sheet, nickel-plated steel sheet 04) Lead-out piece: stainless steel piece (easy to solder) Pure nickel sheet (spot-welded firmly) 05) Plugs 06) Protection components such as temperature control switches, overcurrent protectors, current limiting resistors 07) Carton, paper box 08) Plastic shell

01) Beautiful, brand 02) The battery voltage is limited. To obtain a higher voltage, it must connect multiple batteries in series. 03) Protect the battery, prevent short circuits, and prolong battery life 04) Size limitation 05) Easy to transport 06) Design of special functions, such as waterproof, unique appearance design, etc.

Inclúe principalmente tensión, resistencia interna, capacidade, densidade de enerxía, presión interna, taxa de autodescarga, ciclo de vida, rendemento de selado, rendemento de seguridade, rendemento de almacenamento, aparencia, etc. Tamén hai sobrecarga, sobredescarga e resistencia á corrosión.

01) Cycle life 02) Different rate discharge characteristics 03) Discharge characteristics at different temperatures 04) Charging characteristics 05) Self-discharge characteristics 06) Storage characteristics 07) Over-discharge characteristics 08) Internal resistance characteristics at different temperatures 09) Temperature cycle test 10) Drop test 11) Vibration test 12) Capacity test 13) Internal resistance test 14) GMS test 15) High and low-temperature impact test 16) Mechanical shock test 17) High temperature and high humidity test

01) Short circuit test 02) Overcharge and over-discharge test 03) Withstand voltage test 04) Impact test 05) Vibration test 06) Heating test 07) Fire test 09) Variable temperature cycle test 10) Trickle charge test 11) Free drop test 12) low air pressure test 13) Forced discharge test 15) Electric heating plate test 17) Thermal shock test 19) Acupuncture test 20) Squeeze test 21) Heavy object impact test

Charging method of Ni-MH battery: 01) Constant current charging: the charging current is a specific value in the whole charging process; this method is the most common; 02) Constant voltage charging: During the charging process, both ends of the charging power supply maintain a constant value, and the current in the circuit gradually decreases as the battery voltage increases; 03) Constant current and constant voltage charging: The battery is first charged with constant current (CC). When the battery voltage rises to a specific value, the voltage remains unchanged (CV), and the wind in the circuit drops to a small amount, eventually tending to zero. Lithium battery charging method: Constant current and constant voltage charging: The battery is first charged with constant current (CC). When the battery voltage rises to a specific value, the voltage remains unchanged (CV), and the wind in the circuit drops to a small amount, eventually tending to zero.

A norma internacional IEC estipula que a carga e descarga estándar das baterías de níquel-hidruro metálico é: primeiro descargue a batería a 0.2 °C a 1.0 V/pedazo, despois cárguea a 0.1 °C durante 16 horas, déixaa durante 1 hora e colócaa. a 0.2 C a 1.0 V/peza, é dicir, Para cargar e descargar a batería estándar.

A carga por pulso normalmente usa carga e descarga, configurando durante 5 segundos e despois soltando durante 1 segundo. Reducirá a maior parte do osíxeno xerado durante o proceso de carga a electrólitos baixo o pulso de descarga. Non só limita a cantidade de vaporización do electrólito interno, senón que as baterías antigas que foron moi polarizadas recuperarán gradualmente ou achegaranse á capacidade orixinal despois de 5-10 veces de carga e descarga usando este método de carga.

A carga continua utilízase para compensar a perda de capacidade causada pola autodescarga da batería despois de que estea completamente cargada. Xeralmente, a carga de corrente de pulso úsase para acadar o propósito anterior.

A eficiencia de carga refírese á medida do grao en que a enerxía eléctrica consumida pola batería durante o proceso de carga se converte na enerxía química que a batería pode almacenar. Está afectado principalmente pola tecnoloxía da batería e a temperatura do ambiente de traballo da tormenta; xeralmente, canto maior sexa a temperatura ambiente, menor será a eficiencia de carga.

A eficiencia de descarga refírese á potencia real descargada á tensión terminal en determinadas condicións de descarga ata a capacidade nominal. Está afectado principalmente pola velocidade de descarga, a temperatura ambiente, a resistencia interna e outros factores. Xeralmente, canto maior sexa a taxa de descarga, maior será a taxa de descarga. Canto menor sexa a eficiencia de descarga. Canto máis baixa sexa a temperatura, menor será a eficiencia de descarga.

The output power of a battery refers to the ability to output energy per unit time. It is calculated based on the discharge current I and the discharge voltage, P=U*I, the unit is watts. The lower the internal resistance of the battery, the higher the output power. The internal resistance of the battery should be less than the internal resistance of the electrical appliance. Otherwise, the battery itself consumes more power than the electrical appliance, which is uneconomical and may damage the battery.

Self-discharge is also called charge retention capability, which refers to the retention capability of the battery's stored power under certain environmental conditions in an open circuit state. Generally speaking, self-discharge is mainly affected by manufacturing processes, materials, and storage conditions. Self-discharge is one of the main parameters to measure battery performance. Generally speaking, the lower the storage temperature of the battery, the lower the self-discharge rate, but it should also note that the temperature is too low or too high, which may damage the battery and become unusable. After the battery is fully charged and left open for some time, a certain degree of self-discharge is average. The IEC standard stipulates that after fully charged, Ni-MH batteries should be left open for 28 days at a temperature of 20℃±5℃ and humidity of (65±20)%, and the 0.2C discharge capacity will reach 60% of the initial total.

The self-discharge test of lithium battery is: Generally, 24-hour self-discharge is used to test its charge retention capacity quickly. The battery is discharged at 0.2C to 3.0V, constant current. Constant voltage is charged to 4.2V, cut-off current: 10mA, after 15 minutes of storage, discharge at 1C to 3.0 V test its discharge capacity C1, then set the battery with constant current and constant voltage 1C to 4.2V, cut-off current: 10mA, and measure 1C capacity C2 after being left for 24 hours. C2/C1*100% should be more significant than 99%.

The internal resistance in the charged state refers to the internal resistance when the battery is 100% fully charged; the internal resistance in the discharged state refers to the internal resistance after the battery is fully discharged. Generally speaking, the internal resistance in the discharged state is not stable and is too large. The internal resistance in the charged state is more minor, and the resistance value is relatively stable. During the battery's use, only the charged state's internal resistance is of practical significance. In the later period of the battery's help, due to the exhaustion of the electrolyte and the reduction of the activity of internal chemical substances, the battery's internal resistance will increase to varying degrees.

A resistencia interna estática é a resistencia interna da batería durante a descarga, e a resistencia interna dinámica é a resistencia interna da batería durante a carga.

The IEC stipulates that the standard overcharge test for nickel-metal hydride batteries is: Discharge the battery at 0.2C to 1.0V/piece, and charge it continuously at 0.1C for 48 hours. The battery should have no deformation or leakage. After overcharge, the discharge time from 0.2C to 1.0V should be more than 5 hours.

IEC stipulates that the standard cycle life test of nickel-metal hydride batteries is: After the battery is placed at 0.2C to 1.0V/pc 01) Charge at 0.1C for 16 hours, then discharge at 0.2C for 2 hours and 30 minutes (one cycle) 02) Charge at 0.25C for 3 hours and 10 minutes, and discharge at 0.25C for 2 hours and 20 minutes (2-48 cycles) 03) Charge at 0.25C for 3 hours and 10 minutes, and release to 1.0V at 0.25C (49th cycle) 04) Charge at 0.1C for 16 hours, put it aside for 1 hour, discharge at 0.2C to 1.0V (50th cycle). For nickel-metal hydride batteries, after repeating 400 cycles of 1-4, the 0.2C discharge time should be more significant than 3 hours; for nickel-cadmium batteries, repeating a total of 500 cycles of 1-4, the 0.2C discharge time should be more critical than 3 hours.

Refers to the internal air pressure of the battery, which is caused by the gas generated during the charging and discharging of the sealed battery and is mainly affected by battery materials, manufacturing processes, and battery structure. The main reason for this is that the gas generated by the decomposition of moisture and organic solution inside the battery accumulates. Generally, the internal pressure of the battery is maintained at an average level. In the case of overcharge or over-discharge, the internal pressure of the battery may increase: For example, overcharge, positive electrode: 4OH--4e → 2H2O + O2↑; ① The generated oxygen reacts with the hydrogen precipitated on the negative electrode to produce water 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O ② If the speed of reaction ② is lower than that of reaction ①, the oxygen generated will not be consumed in time, which will cause the internal pressure of the battery to rise.

IEC stipulates that the standard charge retention test for nickel-metal hydride batteries is: After putting the battery at 0.2C to 1.0V, charge it at 0.1C for 16 hours, store it at 20℃±5℃ and humidity of 65%±20%, keep it for 28 days, then discharge it to 1.0V at 0.2C, and Ni-MH batteries should be more than 3 hours. The national standard stipulates that the standard charge retention test for lithium batteries is: (IEC has no relevant standards) the battery is placed at 0.2C to 3.0/piece, and then charged to 4.2V at a constant current and voltage of 1C, with a cut-off wind of 10mA and a temperature of 20 After storing for 28 days at ℃±5℃, discharge it to 2.75V at 0.2C and calculate the discharge capacity. Compared with the battery's nominal capacity, it should be no less than 85% of the initial total.

Use un cable cunha resistencia interna ≤100 mΩ para conectar os polos positivo e negativo dunha batería completamente cargada nunha caixa a proba de explosión para curtocircuítar os polos positivo e negativo. A batería non debe explotar nin incendiarse.

The high temperature and humidity test of Ni-MH battery are: After the battery is fully charged, store it under constant temperature and humidity conditions for several days, and observe no leakage during storage. The high temperature and high humidity test of lithium battery is: (national standard) Charge the battery with 1C constant current and constant voltage to 4.2V, cut-off current of 10mA, and then put it in a continuous temperature and humidity box at (40±2)℃ and relative humidity of 90%-95% for 48h, then take out the battery in (20 Leave it at ±5)℃ for two h. Observe that the appearance of the battery should be standard. Then discharge to 2.75V at a constant current of 1C, and then perform 1C charging and 1C discharge cycles at (20±5)℃ until the discharge capacity Not less than 85% of the initial total, but the number of cycles is not more than three times.

Despois de que a batería estea completamente cargada, colócaa no forno e quéntaa desde a temperatura ambiente a un ritmo de 5 °C/min. Despois de que a batería estea completamente cargada, colócaa no forno e quenta a temperatura ambiente a un ritmo de 5°C/min. Cando a temperatura do forno alcance os 130 °C, manteña durante 30 minutos. A batería non debe explotar nin incendiarse. Cando a temperatura do forno alcance os 130 °C, manteña durante 30 minutos. A batería non debe explotar nin incendiarse.

The temperature cycle experiment contains 27 cycles, and each process consists of the following steps: 01) The battery is changed from average temperature to 66±3℃, placed for 1 hour under the condition of 15±5%, 02) Switch to a temperature of 33±3°C and humidity of 90±5°C for 1 hour, 03) The condition is changed to -40±3℃ and placed for 1 hour 04) Put the battery at 25℃ for 0.5 hours These four steps complete a cycle. After 27 cycles of experiments, the battery should have no leakage, alkali climbing, rust, or other abnormal conditions.

Despois de que a batería ou o paquete de baterías estean completamente cargados, déixase caer desde unha altura de 1 m ata o chan de formigón (ou cemento) tres veces para obter choques en direccións aleatorias.

The vibration test method of Ni-MH battery is: After discharging the battery to 1.0V at 0.2C, charge it at 0.1C for 16 hours, and then vibrate under the following conditions after being left for 24 hours: Amplitude: 0.8mm Make the battery vibrate between 10HZ-55HZ, increasing or decreasing at a vibration rate of 1HZ every minute. The battery voltage change should be within ±0.02V, and the internal resistance change should be within ±5mΩ. (Vibration time is 90min) The lithium battery vibration test method is: After the battery is discharged to 3.0V at 0.2C, it is charged to 4.2V with constant current and constant voltage at 1C, and the cut-off current is 10mA. After being left for 24 hours, it will vibrate under the following conditions: The vibration experiment is carried out with the vibration frequency from 10 Hz to 60 Hz to 10 Hz in 5 minutes, and the amplitude is 0.06 inches. The battery vibrates in three-axis directions, and each axis shakes for half an hour. The battery voltage change should be within ±0.02V, and the internal resistance change should be within ±5mΩ.

Despois de que a batería estea completamente cargada, coloque unha vara dura horizontalmente e deixe caer un obxecto de 20 libras desde unha determinada altura sobre a vara dura. A batería non debe explotar nin incendiarse.

Despois de que a batería estea completamente cargada, pasa un cravo dun diámetro específico polo centro da tormenta e deixa o pasador na batería. A batería non debe explotar nin incendiarse.

Coloque a batería completamente cargada nun dispositivo de calefacción cunha tapa protectora única contra o lume, e ningún resto pasará pola tapa protectora.

Pasou a certificación do sistema de calidade ISO9001:2000 e a certificación do sistema de protección ambiental ISO14001:2004; o produto obtivo a certificación CE da UE e a certificación UL de América do Norte, pasou a proba de protección ambiental SGS e obtivo a licenza de patente de Ovonic; ao mesmo tempo, PICC aprobou os produtos da empresa no mundo Scope underwriting.

A batería lista para usar é un novo tipo de batería Ni-MH cunha alta taxa de retención de carga lanzada pola compañía. É unha batería resistente ao almacenamento co dobre rendemento dunha batería primaria e secundaria e pode substituír a batería principal. É dicir, a batería pódese reciclar e ten unha maior potencia restante despois do almacenamento durante o mesmo tempo que as baterías secundarias de Ni-MH ordinarias.

Compared with similar products, this product has the following remarkable features: 01) Smaller self-discharge; 02) Longer storage time; 03) Over-discharge resistance; 04) Long cycle life; 05) Especially when the battery voltage is lower than 1.0V, it has a good capacity recovery function; More importantly, this type of battery has a charge retention rate of up to 75% when stored in an environment of 25°C for one year, so this battery is the ideal product to replace disposable batteries.

01) Please read the battery manual carefully before use; 02) The electrical and battery contacts should be clean, wiped clean with a damp cloth if necessary, and installed according to the polarity mark after drying; 03) Do not mix old and new batteries, and different types of batteries of the same model can not be combined so as not to reduce the efficiency of use; 04) The disposable battery cannot be regenerated by heating or charging; 05) Do not short-circuit the battery; 06) Do not disassemble and heat the battery or throw the battery into the water; 07) When electrical appliances are not in use for a long time, it should remove the battery, and it should turn the switch off after use; 08) Do not discard waste batteries randomly, and separate them from other garbage as much as possible to avoid polluting the environment; 09) When there is no adult supervision, do not allow children to replace the battery. Small batteries should be placed out of the reach of children; 10) it should store the battery in a cool, dry place without direct sunlight.

At present, nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride, and lithium-ion rechargeable batteries are widely used in various portable electrical equipment (such as notebook computers, cameras, and mobile phones). Each rechargeable battery has its unique chemical properties. The main difference between nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride batteries is that the energy density of nickel-metal hydride batteries is relatively high. Compared with batteries of the same type, the capacity of Ni-MH batteries is twice that of Ni-Cd batteries. This means that the use of nickel-metal hydride batteries can significantly extend the working time of the equipment when no additional weight is added to the electrical equipment. Another advantage of nickel-metal hydride batteries is that they significantly reduce the "memory effect" problem in cadmium batteries to use nickel-metal hydride batteries more conveniently. Ni-MH batteries are more environmentally friendly than Ni-Cd batteries because there are no toxic heavy metal elements inside. Li-ion has also quickly become a common power source for portable devices. Li-ion can provide the same energy as Ni-MH batteries but can reduce weight by about 35%, suitable for electrical equipment such as cameras and laptops. It is crucial. Li-ion has no "memory effect," The advantages of no toxic substances are also essential factors that make it a common power source. It will significantly reduce the discharge efficiency of Ni-MH batteries at low temperatures. Generally, the charging efficiency will increase with the increase of temperature. However, when the temperature rises above 45°C, the performance of rechargeable battery materials at high temperatures will degrade, and it will significantly shorten the battery's cycle life.

A taxa de descarga refírese á relación de velocidade entre a corrente de descarga (A) e a capacidade nominal (A•h) durante a combustión. A descarga de taxa horaria refírese ás horas necesarias para descargar a capacidade nominal a unha corrente de saída específica.

Since the battery in a digital camera has a low temperature, the active material activity is significantly reduced, which may not provide the camera's standard operating current, so outdoor shooting in areas with low temperature, especially. Pay attention to the warmth of the camera or battery.

Carga -10-45 ℃ Descarga -30-55 ℃

Se mesturas baterías novas e antigas con diferentes capacidades ou as usas xuntas, pode haber fugas, tensión cero, etc. Isto débese á diferenza de potencia durante o proceso de carga, o que fai que algunhas baterías se sobrecarguen durante a carga. Algunhas baterías non están completamente cargadas e teñen capacidade durante a descarga. A batería alta non está completamente descargada e a batería de baixa capacidade está sobrecargada. Nun círculo tan vicioso, a batería está danada e ten fugas ou ten unha tensión baixa (cero).

A conexión dos dous extremos exteriores da batería a calquera condutor provocará un curtocircuíto externo. O curso curto pode traer consecuencias graves para diferentes tipos de batería, como aumento da temperatura do electrólito, aumento da presión do aire interna, etc. Se a presión do aire supera a tensión de soportación da tapa da batería, a batería perderá. Esta situación dana gravemente a batería. Se a válvula de seguridade falla, pode incluso provocar unha explosión. Polo tanto, non cortocircuite a batería externamente.

01) Charging: When choosing a charger, it is best to use a charger with correct charging termination devices (such as anti-overcharge time devices, negative voltage difference (-V) cut-off charging, and anti-overheating induction devices) to avoid shortening the battery life due to overcharging. Generally speaking, slow charging can prolong the service life of the battery better than fast charging. 02) Discharge: a. The depth of discharge is the main factor affecting battery life. The higher the depth of release, the shorter the battery life. In other words, as long as the depth of discharge is reduced, it can significantly extend the battery's service life. Therefore, we should avoid over-discharging the battery to a very low voltage. b. When the battery is discharged at a high temperature, it will shorten its service life. c. If the designed electronic equipment cannot completely stop all current, if the equipment is left unused for a long time without taking out the battery, the residual current will sometimes cause the battery to be excessively consumed, causing the storm to over-discharge. d. When using batteries with different capacities, chemical structures, or different charge levels, as well as batteries of various old and new types, the batteries will discharge too much and even cause reverse polarity charging. 03) Storage: If the battery is stored at a high temperature for a long time, it will attenuate its electrode activity and shorten its service life.

Se non utiliza o aparello eléctrico durante un período prolongado, o mellor é retirar a batería e poñela nun lugar seco e a baixa temperatura. Se non, aínda que o aparello eléctrico estea apagado, o sistema aínda fará que a batería teña unha baixa intensidade de saída, o que acurtará a vida útil da tormenta.

According to the IEC standard, it should store the battery at a temperature of 20℃±5℃ and humidity of (65±20)%. Generally speaking, the higher the storage temperature of the storm, the lower the remaining rate of capacity, and vice versa, the best place to store the battery when the refrigerator temperature is 0℃-10℃, especially for primary batteries. Even if the secondary battery loses its capacity after storage, it can be recovered as long as it is recharged and discharged several times. In theory, there is always energy loss when the battery is stored. The inherent electrochemical structure of the battery determines that the battery capacity is inevitably lost, mainly due to self-discharge. Usually, the self-discharge size is related to the solubility of the positive electrode material in the electrolyte and its instability (accessible to self-decompose) after being heated. The self-discharge of rechargeable batteries is much higher than that of primary batteries. If you want to store the battery for a long time, it is best to put it in a dry and low-temperature environment and keep the remaining battery power at about 40%. Of course, it is best to take out the battery once a month to ensure the excellent storage condition of the storm, but not to completely drain the battery and damage the battery.

A battery that is internationally prescribed as a standard for measuring potential (potential). It was invented by American electrical engineer E. Weston in 1892, so it is also called Weston battery. The positive electrode of the standard battery is the mercury sulfate electrode, the negative electrode is cadmium amalgam metal (containing 10% or 12.5% ​​cadmium), and the electrolyte is acidic, saturated cadmium sulfate aqueous solution, which is saturated cadmium sulfate and mercurous sulfate aqueous solution.

01) External short circuit or overcharge or reverse charge of the battery (forced over-discharge); 02) The battery is continuously overcharged by high-rate and high-current, which causes the battery core to expand, and the positive and negative electrodes are directly contacted and short-circuited; 03) The battery is short-circuited or slightly short-circuited. For example, improper placement of the positive and negative poles causes the pole piece to contact the short circuit, positive electrode contact, etc.

01) Whether a single battery has zero voltage; 02) The plug is short-circuited or disconnected, and the connection to the plug is not good; 03) Desoldering and virtual welding of lead wire and battery; 04) The internal connection of the battery is incorrect, and the connection sheet and the battery are leaked, soldered, and unsoldered, etc.; 05) The electronic components inside the battery are incorrectly connected and damaged.

To prevent the battery from being overcharged, it is necessary to control the charging endpoint. When the battery is complete, there will be some unique information that it can use to judge whether the charging has reached the endpoint. Generally, there are the following six methods to prevent the battery from being overcharged: 01) Peak voltage control: Determine the end of charging by detecting the peak voltage of the battery; 02) dT/DT control: Determine the end of charging by detecting the peak temperature change rate of the battery; 03) △T control: When the battery is fully charged, the difference between the temperature and the ambient temperature will reach the maximum; 04) -△V control: When the battery is fully charged and reaches a peak voltage, the voltage will drop by a particular value; 05) Timing control: control the endpoint of charging by setting a specific charging time, generally set the time required to charge 130% of the nominal capacity to handle;

01) Zero-voltage battery or zero-voltage battery in the battery pack; 02) The battery pack is disconnected, the internal electronic components and the protection circuit is abnormal; 03) The charging equipment is faulty, and there is no output current; 04) External factors cause the charging efficiency to be too low (such as extremely low or extremely high temperature).